TRVL Train™
Race Science

Findings that change what you do on race day.

Every piece starts with a number we went and checked — gear, pacing, travel, physiology, and the physics underneath.

27Findings published
100%Sourced & dated
4Departments
Training · Latest finding

Your Off-Season Isn’t a Rest Debate.
It’s the Only Eight Weeks You Can Be Bad at Something.

Holding a third of your usual training preserves your aerobic fitness almost entirely. That one finding removes the rest-versus-fitness tradeoff — and frees up the only weeks of the year when you can afford to get temporarily worse.

Read the finding →
1/3Of normal volume preserves VO2max
8 min read

Training

7Physiology, periodisation and what actually adapts.

There Is No Ideal Triathlete Body. Pick Races That Reward the One You Have.

Elite podiums cluster in a range, and the range means almost nothing — because the three disciplines pull your b…

3Disciplines, three opposite optima7 min read

Your Altitude Camp Isn’t Changing Your Blood. It’s Buying You a Training Block.

The one- and two-week camps amateurs actually do sit at or below the noise floor of the test used to measure the…

~1.7%Expected gain from a 1-week camp6 min read

Why Flying to Australia Can Wreck Your Race Less Than Flying to Europe

The longer flight is often the easier one. Direction beats distance, and most athletes plan it backwards.

1 day/zoneCircadian recovery rate6 min read

Is a Hard 3-Hour Indoor Ride Tougher Than a 5-Hour Outdoor One?

Often yes, and it has almost nothing to do with willpower. It is heat, and the fact that you never stop pedaling…

11-23 WMore power outdoors at the same effort4 min read

Your $4 Gel Is Mostly Sugar and Salt. Here's the 7-Eleven Version

Ultra runners win on pickles, chips, and flat Coke. Triathletes pay ten times as much for the same three ingredi…

~25 gSugar in a $4 gel — plus salt and packaging5 min read

The Speedsuit Buys You Seconds. The First 400 Meters Buy You Minutes.

A swim skin saves a non-wetsuit racer maybe 20 seconds. Swimming the start too hard can cost you minutes — on th…

15–30 sa swim skin's net saving6 min read

The Altitude Paradox: Why Thin Air Won't Slow Your Bike (But Will Wreck Your Run)

Racing at 5,400 feet costs an unacclimatized triathlete roughly 25 minutes over a half-distance race. The surpri…

+25 mintotalTotal cost vs sea level5 min read

Gear

9What the equipment buys you, in seconds and in dollars.

You Don’t Need a Second Bike for the Mountains. You Need a Different Cassette.

The “flats bike plus climbing bike” answer costs about $11,000. Changing the cassette and chainrings costs about…

~$400Cassette + chainrings7 min read

Does Shaving Your Legs Actually Make You Faster?

It sounds like a pro affectation. In the wind tunnel it is worth more than a new aero helmet, and that is the su…

15 WDrag saved in the wind tunnel5 min read

The Most Aero Place for Your Water Bottle Isn't No Bottle

One mounting spot quietly costs you watts. Another can make you faster than riding dry. Same bottle, opposite re…

+8-12 WfasterBetween the aerobars vs no bottle5 min read

How Much Does a Dirty Chain Actually Cost You?

A few watts, not a transformation. And the scariest numbers tend to come from the people selling chain wax.

6-10 WTotal drivetrain friction4 min read

The Flat You're Afraid Of Is Costing You 8 Minutes

Puncture-proof tires feel like the safe choice. The math says you are paying a guaranteed tax to avoid a rare, s…

~8 minGuaranteed cost over a half-distance bike4 min read

How Much Speed Can You Buy? We Modeled It Over Oceanside

Same engine, same effort. The right setup is worth the better part of half an hour, and almost all of it is aero…

~25-30 minflat modelBasic vs optimized over Oceanside5 min read

Why a $500 Kit Beats a $14,500 Bike

The cheapest watts in cycling are on your body, not your bike. Aero socks are the meme; the hierarchy is the les…

70–80%of aero drag is your body, not your bike6 min read

Why Most Age-Group Triathletes Don't Need a Disc Wheel

A disc is real free speed. It's also the worst money you can spend on speed, and four cheaper upgrades each beat…

10–40 sa disc's real gain over a deep wheel, over a half5 min read

Why Super Shoes Do Less for Most Age-Group Runners

The famous 4% was measured at sub-3-hour marathon pace. At the pace most age-groupers actually race, the benefit…

4%the famous figure — at sub-3:00 marathon pace6 min read

Travel

5Getting the athlete and the bike to the start line intact.

Racing

5Course, tactics and the decisions made on the day.